Bullying Is a Legal Crime Essay Example for Free

Bullying Is a Legal Crime Essay On September 18, 2011 a 14-year-old Jamey Redeemer took his life after years of bullying. The news spread in a blink of an eye. The whole country mourned. Jamey cried for help for months. He regularly posted online about being bullied at school and how people would launch insults at him. Soon, students started to bully Jamey online. They posted horrible things like â€Å"I wouldnt care if you died. No one would. So just do it 🙂 It would make everyone WAY more happier!† Jamey left several messages on his blog letting everyone know that he was in trouble and needed help. But still no one listened. On Saturday night he posted a lyric from Lady Gaga’s song on his Facebook page which said: â€Å"Dont forget me when I come crying to heavens door.† In a few hours he wrote that he was looking forward to seeing his great grandmother, who recently died. It was Jamey’s final message. (â€Å"Suicide: Police Consider Criminal Bullying Charges†) As identified by the the United States Department of Justice, bullying has two key components: repeated harmful acts and an imbalance of power. â€Å"It involves repeated physical, verbal or psychological attacks or intimidation directed against a victim who cannot properly defend him- or herself because of size or strength, or because the victim is outnumbered or less psychologically resilient.†(Problem-Oriented Guides for Police Series) In other words, children are verbally and physically assaulted by their peers every day. At school, bullies rip their victims self-esteem to shreds while theirs gets high. It has become a huge problem in the U.S. Nearly 160 000 students stay home and miss school everyday due to the fear of being bullied. 20% of all children say they have been bullied and 20% of high school students say they have seriously considered suicide with the last 12 months. By age 24, 60% of bullies have a criminal record. (â€Å"National Center for Education Statist ics (NCES) Home Page, a Part of the U.S. Department of Education†) As a matter of fact, bullying can occur almost anywhere. At home. At work. At school or even on the street. It becomes a very widespread, invisible threat. Statistics go that that one out of 4 boys or girls will be bullied sometime throughout their childhood. (â€Å"The United States Department of Justice†) The media started to pay more attention to the problem of bullying recently. While it is seemingly impossible to defeat, it can be overturned. This is possible if parents get involved, students are taught how to identify and stop bullying, and if individuals stand up for and support the victims and bullies. These solutions overtime will definitely bring bullying to its demise. One of the widespread questions is who truly a bully is, why does he or she behave in such a way or another. For the most part, bullies are the kids who feel insecure about their beliefs and appearance or who are the victims of bullying. In that case, bullying becomes a mental defense for the victims. â€Å"A number of researchers believe that bullying occurs due to a combination of social interactions with parents, peers and teachers. The history of the parent-child relationship may contribute to cultivating a bully, and low levels of peer and teacher intervention combine to create opportunities for chronic bullies to thrive (as will be discussed later).† (Problem-Oriented Guides for Police Series) A child that comes from a poor, abusive and usually one-parent family will probably end up a bully. Being picked on at school or simply rejected by the peers, kids tease smaller ones just to feel better about themselves and release negative energy. Tracy Vaillancourt, Canada Research Chair in children’s mental health and violence prevention at the University of Ottawa claims that there are two types of bullies. The first type is the habitual bullies. â€Å"They tend to be really impulsive and have poor emotional regulation. And that represents about 10 per cent of kids who bully others.† (Interview: Whos a Bully?) Basically, Tracy Vaillancourt is saying that this type of a bully is the most rare one, but at the same time it is the most severe and brutal. It more or less becomes a disease that requires an immediate medical intervention. The point is that this type of a bully is the easiest to identify: it is usually impulsive kids who get into trouble in school for bad behavior. The second type of a bully is everyday kids. According to Tracy Vaillancourt, â€Å"they tend to be really popular; because they have power, they can abuse power.† It is the hardest type of a bully to identify. Therefore, it is the most dangerous one. Parents usually get blindsided when their kid might be bullying someone. They take their child’s side, and it is completely natural. Parents want to protect their son or daughter no matter what. Unfortunately, they don’t realize that they do more harm than good and that the consequence of such parenting behavior can be catastrophic. â€Å"In terms of childhood abuse and bullying, it is possible that intrusive, flashback memories of these traumatic events occur in adolescence and adulthood.† (â€Å"Society and Psychosis†) In other words, the authors of the â€Å"Society and Psychosis† believe that a victim of bullying will suffer psychological harm for almost the rest of his or her life. Moreover, a bullied child is more likely to develop a criminal record or get psychiatric disorder and mental illness than his or her peers. (Problem-Oriented Guides for Police Series) At this point, suicidal behavior becomes a real threat. And numerous teenage suicides and suicidal attempts are an alert and a call to action to all of us. As bullying becomes a serious problem, people try to come up with different ways of solving it. Different programs, developed to stop or at least reduce bulling, almost every time pay much attention to the parents and teachers. On the one hand, I agree that authorities including but not limited to parents, teachers and professor are capable of maintaining a positive surrounding for the kids creating a safe, free from bullying environment. But on the other hand, I still insist that those authorities are not the key to solving this problem. Bullying has been identified as a potential threat for a long time. This issue has been discussed many time at the different forums and summits, and all kinds of programs were introduced to stop it. But, apparently, it’s not working. Most of the teachers don’t even care about their students lives, since it’s not their business. That’s the way things are in my home country Russia. Teachers go to the classes, give lectures and go back home. They view their job as a way to educate students on a particular field of study. When, in fact, teachers are mentors for children or at least that’s what the have to be. They should set an example of a loving, accepting, tolerant human being who is willing to help and support a person in need whether it’s a student, colleague or a friend. The most important thing is that the first step in stopping bullying has to be made by us, the ones who are often easily affected by it. Every each one of us can contribute to solving this problem and making the world a better place. First of all, we have to change the climate of the school environment and stop putting the power in the hands of the teachers, or the government. I don’t believe they have the answers. I believe we do. It is out lives after all. The truth is that there’s no law that can be passed on the federal level to stop or prevent bullying. The public school system in the U.S. is operated by state laws that are hard to pass. (Bullying Prevention State Laws) Rather than dealing with the legal system, we should come to an understanding that we have the power to make a shift in how people view bullying and react to it. It is not an over night thing. It has to become a cultural change, a movement of tolerance, love and acceptance. Another thing is that people pay too much attention to cyber bullying and consider it as the major dangerous form of bullying. But, truthfully, it’s really not. It’s the most visible because you can see all the hate mails and comments online. The worst bullying experience is face to face, on the street, in the school, at home. There has to be a support system in our communities. We need to change the way kids think about themselves. There has to be a suppÐ ¾rt system around every human being that can help anyone build confidence in themselves and others. The work has to be done from the ground up. Creating a climate and an environment in schools where everyone feels safe has to become a priority today for parents, school administration, teachers and students themselves. By doing little acts of kindness, we will create a loving and accepting environment. Just come to a friend or a person you don’t know. Say a compliment or how good the weather is today, or simply: you look great. These are the things that are going to chÐ °nge the culture and make a huge shift in how people communicate and react to bullying in a particular environment. Just set an example. Because teenager are very impressionable. And if you set an example, the rest will follow. Find a friend. Tell somebody in your life, someone important or maybe someone you don’t know about love, tolerance and acceptance. It is not gonna be just the experts that are going to change things. It is going to be all of us. As we all know, life is an energy. And we are responsible for the energy we bring into this space. Every action has an opposite and equal reaction. If you insult someone, the negative energy you put onto them will come back to you. By brining negative energy onto those people, you are making them bring negative energy onto others. Firstly, empowering youth is one of the keys to stopping bullying. All of us have to set an example of brave and tolerant human beings. It has to become cool to be the person that says that something’s not quite right here, that help is needed here. For whatever reason, students tend to ignore the acts of bulling or teasing in school. They go to classes, do their homework, hand in the paper, go home Students notice the violence, happening in schools, but the do not speak about it. There needs to be attention that is payed to looking for signs of violence and bullying. When students start to look up for each other, then the major shift is made. Secondly, using a multifaceted, comprehensive approach will definitely decrease the percentage of bullied kids. This approach includes establishing a school-wide policy that addresses indirect bullying, providing guidelines for teachers and, most importantly, students on specific actions to take if bullying occurs, encouraging students to report known bullying, to be supportive to classmates who may be bullied and educating and involving parents so they understand the problem and the importance of it. I believe that each of us comes with a gift to use our lives, to bring goodness to the world, to connect with other people. Every single person, whether it’s victim of violence or the person who committed the violence,has one thing in common: we all want to know that what we do and what we say and who we are matters. We want to be validated. Every single person. Every argument is really about: do you see me, do you hear me, does what I say mean anything to you? Come up to a girl who always seats alone at the canteen, talk to her. Maybe you will be the one who’ll make her day. Be loving, accepting and tolerant. Only this way we’ll create a kind, free from violence and bullying environment.

Essay --

How to change the oil and filter on a 1993 VW Corrao VR6 The following instructions are recommended for changing the motor oil on a 1993 Corrado with a 6-cylinder VR6 motor type. Oil changes are necessary to ensure proper lubrication for the engine during use, usually ranging from every 3,000 to 5,000 miles. Over time, the oil breaks down and may cause excess wear on internal parts. The oil filter should also be changed at this time, due to any particles the filter may have caught from the old oil. Depending on your level of mechanical ability and weather conditions, this process should take about an hour or less. Please read all instructions thoroughly before attempting any maintenance. New parts: 6 quarts of oil 1 filter Tools: Floor jack Container for old oil A 6mm Allen wrench for oil filter plug 36mm socket for oil filter housing 19mm socket for drain plug on pan Socket wrench (3/8† or 1/2† is fine) Torque wrench Steps: 1. Warm up the engine by driving around for a few minutes. This will warm up the oil and will decrease the amount of time the oil needs to drain. 2. Park the ...

Baz Luhrmann’s Essay

How does Baz Luhrmann’s film adaptation of â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† visually highlight Shakespeare’s rich language and imagery? Shakespeare’s use of language reflects the theatre of his day. There were no elaborate set designs, costumes, lighting or sound effects and there were also only a small number of actors playing many different parts. This could get confusing and therefore the language and imagery had to do all the work for the audience, as the words were the only tools available to help them imagine the scenes vividly. In the prologue of â€Å"Romeo and Juliet†, line number twelve; â€Å"Is now the two hours’ traffic of our stage† and the very last words; â€Å"our toil shall strive to mend†, have significant meaning. These sentences, spoken by the chorus, highlight to the audience the key plot elements to come. It gives the audience an idea of what they are about to watch or read and makes the ensuing action more intelligible. This dramatic convention therefore acts almost like a movie trailer. In Baz Luhrmann’s film adaptation of the play, the prologue begins with a long shot of a television (within a television), with a reporter speaking to us from inside of it. Behind the reporter’s left shoulder are the words â€Å"star-crossed lovers† and a symbol of a broken ring. This, in the first minute of the play, already introduces us to the fact that Romeo and Juliet are star-crossed lovers, which is a major theme throughout the entire play. The news reporter then delivers the whole prologue from beginning to end, before the camera zooms further and further in until the point of extreme close up, at which point the prologue changes. This is how Baz Luhrmann achieves a similar effect to Shakespeare’s dramatic use of the prologue. By doing this, it is almost as if we are â€Å"entering† the movie and if you do not wish to â€Å"go in† then it is your choice not to continue watching. In the second sentence of the prologue, â€Å"In fair Verona (where we lay our scene)†, Shakespeare carefully uses the positive modifier â€Å"fair† to describe the city. This emphasizes the fact that Verona is closely associated with God, therefore establishing it as a peaceful, moral city. However, this is contradicted by negative modifiers in the next sentences of the prologue, which are â€Å"From ancient grudge break to new mutiny, where civil blood makes civil hands unclean†. This brings in the fact that there is an old grudge between two families. However, with this grudge there is blood shed and constant fights, some of which draw in innocent civilians. In the movie this section of the prologue is shot from a fast-moving helicopter. There is an extreme long shot and an aerial view of Verona, which introduces us to the town. A statue of Jesus is shown, immediately followed by the words â€Å"IN FAIR VERONA†, in large, white letters. Then, for several seconds, there is jump cutting between the Jesus statue and the phrase. This is how Baz Luhrmann shows us that Verona is normally a good, religious city. This is then followed by some fast, substantial shots. We are shown two separate buildings; one which has the sign â€Å"Montague† at the top, and the other which has the sign â€Å"Capulet† on top. This introduces us to the two feuding families who are the centre of the play. In addition, a police car which says â€Å"Verona Police† is filmed. All of these key points visually highlight Shakespeare’s imagery and language. The police car is an indication of the violence to come that is caused by the feud and upsets the normal, peaceful status quo. The first six lines of the prologue are essentially the most important in establishing the plot – for example lines three and four from the prologue: â€Å"from ancient grudge break to new mutiny† and â€Å"where civil blood makes civil hands unclean†. Luhrmann usually emphasises these points with newspaper headlines shown in the movie with those exact sentences on them. These lines of the prologue are also heard as the voice-over of the Friar. Jump cutting is used to move from headline to headline and the newspapers are shot in extreme close up, surrounded by flames of fire. With each sentence of the prologue that is said, an accompanying image is shown on the screen with it. These include violent images such as police cars and police helicopters. Overall, expressive lighting is used in the film, to add even greater intensity to the conflict between peace and war in Verona. This, along with words such as â€Å"death†, â€Å"rage† and â€Å"blood†, really start to show the dark side of the plot and ironically contrasts with Verona being described as a â€Å"fair† city previously. Next, line ten of the prologue, â€Å"the continuance of their parents’ rage†, establishes the fact that the grudge between the families is a long-standing ordeal. This is represented in the movie with a montage, showing the many magazines which talk about the hatred of the two families. Line five in the prologue, â€Å"from forth the fatal loins of these two foes†, aims to introduce the parents of Romeo and Juliet and in fact the two main characters themselves. Therefore, at this point, Baz Lurhmann shows a short clip of each significant actor in the movie. This is followed by a freeze frame on them, with the name of their character and any outstanding relationships he or she might have with other characters. The freeze frames are extremely close up on the characters’ faces and it sets the scene for the rest of the movie, so we know who to look out for. This is also an opportunity for Baz Luhrmann to give some limited information about the characters’ status. He does so by filming Montague and Capulet at a slightly lower angle than the others, making them appear more intimidating than the rest. This is how he effectively shows that they are the heads of the two households. In lines six and nine of the prologue, Shakespeare uses such phrases as â€Å"star-crossed† and â€Å"death-marked† to describe Romeo and Juliet’s love. First of all, â€Å"love† and â€Å"death† are oxymoronic and are not commonly found together in the same sentence. Secondly, â€Å"star-crossed† implies that they have no control over their love. It implies that Fate is in control and the minute they fell in love both were destined to die. In the film during this time, loud, fast and rising operatic music is played. This is incidental music significantly increases the level of tension and drama in the prologue. This is therefore appropriate for trying to emphasize the fact of the couple’s fated love. What Baz Luhrmann does here is basically pull the whole prologue together. Proceeding this, after the prologue has been explained, Baz Luhrmann tries to increase the level of suspense even further, to truly point out the violence and the tragic ending of the play. Therefore what he does, with the opera music still playing, is show most of the prologue on the screen in writing. Jump cutting is used between each sentence, but it is barely readable since the editing is at such a high speed, so the prologue is literally flashing before your eyes. Afterwards, Baz Luhrmann shows snippets from the entire movie to the audience. Jump cutting is used and the images flash at a very high speed before you. He goes from the end to the beginning of the movie, and what he achieves is, in a sense, a visual prologue! At the very end of the prologue, the title â€Å"Romeo + Juliet† comes up and the ‘plus’ sign is actually made to suggest a Christian cross. This subtly reminds us of the religious side of the play. This includes the Friar, who is a religious personage, the wedding that Romeo and Juliet have and also the whole theme of destiny and some divinity or higher power looking over and controlling us in life. So in conclusion, this is how Baz Luhrmann’s film adaptation of the prologue from â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† successfully visually highlights Shakespeare’s rich language and imagery. We can see how he has gone through the prologue and then fairly systematically translated its deeper meaning, in remarkably creative ways. He effectively translates all the messages of the prologue in a contemporary and entertaining context.

The Mayans of Mesoamerica Essay - 742 Words

The Mayans of Mesoamerica nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The ancient Mayans were a very well developed society with a very accurate calendar, skilled architects, artisans, extensive traders and hunters. They are known to have developed medicine and astronomy as well. All of this was developed while the Europeans were still in the Dark Ages. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Their empire covered an area of roughly 400,000 to 500,000 square kilometers. This area included the present day countries of Belize, Guatemala, western Honduras and El Salvador, and also southern portions of Mexico. These lands have a very diverse terrain, from the mountainous highlands to the tropical lowlands. The wide range of geographical features meant that the†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Maya civilization can be divided into three main periods: Pre-Classic, Classic, and Post-Classic. Their greatest accomplishments most likely took place in the Classic period. This period occurred between 250 and 910AD. An extensive trade network was in place during this period that allowed the civilization to grow as large as sixty separate kingdoms. Other technological advances also took place during this time. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;They developed their writing system, mathematics, astronomy, and calendars. Their study of astronomy allowed them to predict when there would be a solar or lunar eclipse. They also developed their calendar that is called the Long Count Calendar. The Long Count Calendar was not completely a Mayan creation because they inherited the basic form from the Toltec. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The mathematics developed by the Maya was a base 20 numbering system. This is similar to the base 10 system we use today. The Maya were able to do this using only three symbols, the dot, the bar, and a symbol for zero. The numbering system was written vertically instead of horizontally like the one we use today. The base level can be represented by 20^0, and each additional level increases the exponent by one. This is shown in the graphic below. The Mayan calendar has a starting date of 3113BC that is given the year 0. It used their base 20 numbering system to represent periods of time. ThereShow MoreRelatedThe Mayan Culture Of Mesoamerica1840 Words   |  8 PagesMesoamerica is the area in which the ancient Maya had lived, and is the area where modern Mayans are still reside. According to Coe, the Mayan geographic can range from Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, El Salvador, Yucatan Peninsula, and the Mexican States of Chiapas and Tabasco (1966:17). Yet these areas are not limited to just Mayan. Many structural architecture remains today has proven the complexity of the Mayan culture in Mesoamerica. The Mayan history consisted of three main phases. The PreclassicRead MoreThe Conquistadors1677 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom the Spanish, literally means conqueror. They were on a mission from Spain to settle Mesoamerica and spread Christianity, but most Conquistadors desired fortune and fame. First, Conquistadors were much more than Spanish settlers; some began aggressive expeditions in search of great wealth and status. Others were financed by Spain to find a water route to the East. Second, Conquistadors dominated Mesoamerica from Cuba to Mexico. They defeated and subjugated the Aztec Empire decimating hundredsRead MoreHow Bloodletting And Human Sacrifice1235 Words   |  5 Pagesimportant in the life of the Mayans. The bloodletting allows the ruler the ability to communicate with the Gods and their ancestors. While the human sacrifice is connected to the continuation of the cosmos and the resurrection of the agricultural seasons. A summary and a discussion of the book Popol Vu h is presented, on the topic of reassurance theme of human sacrifice is addressed in this paper. The examination of how bloodletting and human sacrifice is crucial to the Mayan culture, and how these ritualsRead MoreCharacteristics Of The Mayan Civilizations733 Words   |  3 Pagesrole in history today. The Maya empire was highly skilled at building and architecture. They also were the only empire in mesoamerica to develop a complete writing system. The Maya were also highly skilled at agriculture and farming. The Maya were by far the most advanced and smart civilization. The Maya empire was very precise and exact when it came to architecture. Mayans built their cities with all of the important buildings in the middle such as palaces and temples. The homes and other smallRead MoreMesoamerica And The Great Complex Of Indigenous Cultures1456 Words   |  6 Pages Mesoamerica the great complex of indigenous cultures. The time period in which made I pretty big dent in history, the time period from 300BC until the 1500’s. Some of you are probably reading this like why is Mesoamerica so important? Or who or what has been involved in the Mesoamerica time period? Well some of your questions just might get answered if you continue reading this paper. I may not be the best writer but here going nothing. Mesoamerica was the start of a new beginning whenRead MoreHow The Maya Civilization Was A Major Social Entity From Approximately 2600 B.c1316 Words   |  6 Pages Mesoamerica Essay The Maya civilization was a major social entity from approximately 2600 B.C.E. to 1521 C.E. The Maya civilization was never a fully unified society; it was primarily made up of numerous small states, in and around what is now known as the Yucatan Peninsula. These states, each apparently centered on a city, were ruled by individual kings. Sometimes, a stronger Maya state would dominate a weaker state and be able to exact tribute and labor from it. The development of agricultureRead MoreEssay on Religious Syncretism and its Consequences in Mayan Society1211 Words   |  5 PagesReligious Syncretism and its Consequences in Mayan Society When Spaniards first set foot on Mesoamerican shores in the early sixteenth century, they encountered not the godless mass of natives they believed they found, but a people whose rich spiritual traditions shaped and sustained them for thousands of years. These diverse spiritual practices legitimized nearly every aspect of Mesoamerican daily life, from science and architecture to art and politics (Carmack 295), in many of the same waysRead MoreThe Mayan Civilization And The Maya Empire1677 Words   |  7 Pages The Mayan civilization or the Maya Empire, centered in the tropical lowlands of what is now Guatemala, reached the peak of its power and influence around the sixth century A.D. The Maya excelled at agriculture, pottery, hieroglyph writing, calendar-making and mathematics, and left behind an astonishing amount of impressive architecture and symbolic artwork. Most of the great stone cities of the Maya were abandoned by A.D. 900. The Maya civilization was one of the most dominan t indigenous societiesRead More The Maya Essay1356 Words   |  6 Pages The Maya were a dominating society of Mesoamerica, rich in culture, community, and art. While life may not be completely interpretable yet, much in known about how these societies were constructed, and how their religion dominated their lives. Much is generally made of their massive stonework, their ceremonial complexes, and ritual sacrifices, but their small jade, ceramic, and stone sculpture deserves as much attention as the works of much larger size have received. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;TheRead MoreChristianity And The New Germanic Kingdoms1371 Words   |  6 Pagesrespects to nature and or games. This is especially true with the Mayans from Mesoamerica. The artifacts were made of stone, jade, and other ceramic materials. Jade was an expensive material that was valued by the Mayans. They would make jewelry out of it, and only the elite would wear it. The green would also symbolize nature. This trend of making things from nature carried to North America, Mesoamerica, and South America. A large portion of jewelry found in Constantinople

Management Strategy Formulation for the Rosemont Behavioral Health Center Free Essay Example, 750 words

Strategy formulation is the effort to assimilate organizational objectives, vision, and mission in order to achieve and sustain organizational competency in the long run. Considering the current situation, the Rosemont has to initiate immediate strategies to enhance its internal as well as external resources. However, the initial directional strategy must aim to define the organization s vision statement and mission statement explicitly. There should be a code of conduct for the members to comply with as they collectively pursue the organizational goals. The other areas of its strategic concern must include organizational restructuring, reward system, HRM, recruitment and retention, marketing, infrastructure, customer service, etc. Recommendation 1. In order to reduce the cost of operation, the Rosemont has to change its structure and business culture. For instance, if it cuts down the number of its staff, a considerable amount can be saved in the short term. 2. At the same time, it has to utilize the potential of its referral agents by acquiring all customers referred to the center. It should also focus on the efficacy of the telephone personnel to ensure that a maximum number of inquiry is converted into admission effectively. We will write a custom essay sample on Management Strategy Formulation for the Rosemont Behavioral Health Center or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now 3. In order to maintain its competitive advantages, Rosemont must renovate its infrastructure and gain the advantages of Medicare and Medicaid. However, as a short term strategy, it has to increase the number of outpatients to meet the challenge of physical incapacity. 4. In addition to all, there should be provisions to improve the confidence of the employees by addressing their resistance to organizational change. Implementation The major challenge with the strategic implementation might be the indifferent response from the board members. Obviously, Lloyd Lewis and his golf friends can not stomach any kind of outside intervention that would affect the current hierarchy. Therefore, Cates should be equipped with a well-designed action plan that would restructure the organization within the scheduled term. The Rosemont should hire the assistance of outside agencies like the TM and DDN Marketing Systems to avert the possible flaws of strategic impleme ntation.

The Central Ideas Of Treatment Approach - 847 Words

The Transpersonal theory has evolved over the past two decades, driving the desire to learn more about the higher self. â€Å"A person doesn’t have to be sick in order to get better† (Tuner, 2011, p.551,) The history and development will be discussed within the essay. Central ideas of treatment approach will be included. Strengths and weaknesses of the Transpersonal Theory within social work will be addressed in great detail. There will be an assessment of a case and the client within the micro system. The major goals and expected outcomes within the micro system will be listed. To help understand how practitioner work with clients the intervention techniques will be addressed. To give a holistic view of the Transpersonal Theory the ethical issues implicit in the approach will be stated. Finally, the application of professional self, and the use of the model with the micro system. History and Development The Transpersonal Theory help broaden the way of thinking for many practitioners therefore creating the need to greater explore the higher self. â€Å"It was in the late 19th century the thrust of social work interventions shifted toward a psychosocial approach with an emphasis on internal as well as environmental factors† (Tuner, 2011, p.547). It was 1967, when a small group gathered to create new psychology that would honor the whole spectrum of the human experience, including various non-ordinary states of consciousness. The group included, Abraham Maslow, Anthony Sutich,Show MoreRelatedExplain how the managerial ideas of Taylor and Fayol differ from Mayo. Assess the relevance of Classical Management theorists to the management of contemporary organisations1292 Words   |  6 Pagesof M Weber); - Administrative Management (associated with the work of H Fayol). The Human Relations approach is associated with the work of E Mayo and F Roethlisberger. 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International Journal Life Cycle Assessment -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The International Journal Life Cycle Assessment? Answer: Introducation According to Gmelin and Seuring (2014) product, life-cycle can be specified as a succession of strategies applied by the management as the product goes through its life-cycle. The operating scenario is believed to be more complicated due to increase in no. of customer and an extensive interactive network of suppliers. As per the theorist, the solution for the specified issue is the development of considerable interaction between Product Development Process (PDP) and Product Introduction Process (PIP). Further; appropriate factory approach considers the opportunity to stop compromising with each element of the production system so that appropriate quality of the product can be attained. The main objective of short product lifecycle management (PLM) is to decrease the time consumed in activities such as enhancing the quality of the product, ascertainment of availability of potential sales opportunities and revenue offerings etc. It is necessary to access the prospect of customer, marke t and competitors of the product in order to attain success regarding the newly launched product. (Mancini, 2015) For the creation of successful new products, the business is required to understand their customers, markets and competitors. As per Sonnemann and et al. (2015), Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) put together three main variants, i.e. data, people, the procedure relating to business systems. The same provides the information relating to the product to companies as well as extended supply chain enterprise. It has been noted by ------ daily lives of the consumer are related to a variety of small life-cycle Made-To-Stock products. These kinds of products are usually purchased on the visit to the supermarket for example; household goods; jewellery garments etc. The life-cycle of these products is usually three to six months, and due to same reason, they are categorized as high demand volatility products (Subrahmanian Lee and Granger, 2015). Fisher specifies such products as innovative products and has asserted that management of supply chain activities of these products is more complex as supply chain relating to these product required being more responsive. The concept of PLM is considered to assess the entire vision of effectively managing and making connections with information relating process and production data which required to be designed along with supporting and maintaining till ultimate disposal of manufactured goods. In order to reduce the inventory period and increase the profit of organization, PLM is applying business solutions in a consistent manner in order to provide assistance in collaborative creation, dissemination, business system and information (Arnett, Sandvik and Sandvik, 2018). According to the words of Rushton, Croucher and Baker (2014), in case the span life of a product is short, difficulties relating to continuing negotiations and procurement, decreasing unit cost of acquisition coming to huge business volume is to be faced by the organization. The retailer faces the economic loss either due to short supply or excess supply, and the same depends on the performance of product and forecast of the retailer. It is necessary that internal and external supply chains should be coordinated in an appropriate manner to attain the pre-determined goals relating to the product. Analysis In order to attain the advantage relating to economies of scale; it is necessary that vendors and transporters use quantity discounts in order to attract firms to purchase their product in bulk quantities to influence the firms to order in larger quantities. Even the delivery windows are applied by the organization in order to attain and transport short life cycle products. It has become a necessity for the organization to plan the most appropriate procurement and transportation plan during the product life cycle in order to make the product successful. However, as per the words of Zhou (2017), enhanced recognition can be asserted by practitioners and researchers to assess the end season through analyzing the sales pattern of the product. Cantamessa and Valentini designed a "deterministic" mathematical model for taking an appropriate decision relating to the production plan for new product ascertaining the benefits through the application of reactive backorder and lost sales strategies. It is not easy to forecast or estimate the demand for the new product as it is highly unpredictable at the time of its launch. But, assessment of demand for the new product is quite predictable. However, the demand for the new product is highly uncertain and unpredictable at its launch; but, it becomes more predictable after analyzing an early demand pattern (Raman). According to the views of Slack (2015), quick response research strategy can be applied to assessed information relating to demand and sophisticated sourcing options can be suggested through same. The prior analysis relating to the demand for product ascertains the quantities which will be ordered. One more variant which is considered which making the order, i.e. unit product cost unit transportation does not include variant with the change in ordered quantity (Zurich, 2017). As the rate of retail shelf space has been growing in an enhanced manner; it has become necessary to ascertain optimum delivery schedule for procured products. It is one of the main issues faced by organization producing products having a short lifespan. Matching supply chain strategies can be applied to the organization producing innovative (a product having short term life), as these required responsive supply chain for cooperating with demand uncertainty and short product life cycle. It can be assessed from above figure that only two kinds of the product have vided variety of spectrum along with varying degrees of functional and fashionable characteristics. By considering overall trend; short product life cycle is in its growth stage. This is the stage in which sales of the product increase with enhancing rate. The reason behind same is that early adopters continue to buy the products and at a later stage, buyers continue to follow the lead. This stage plays a significant role in achieving success as well as covering the major amount of investment relating to the product. In order to attain growth stage, it is necessary that organizations are launching a new product to assess the marketing in an appropriate manner so that the product is in accordance with the choice of the customer. As cost relating to promotion is spread over a large volume, and unit cost of the product decreases due to enhanced production; high profits are earned during the growth stage. Just in Time Purchase strategy can be applied by the organization to fulfil the demand and at the same time cost of the product is also manageable; thus organization attains both the advantages through the application of this strategy. This will also assist in minimizing inventory, and same will result in overall cost reduction for business. As per the views of Gmelin and Seuring (2014), the rise in demand for a product leads to increase in competitors and new entrants. Thus, it results in the introduction of new features as well as expand existing market. It is necessary to consider this issues which making Product Development Process in order to make the organization ready for facing these issues. Action plan It is necessary to develop an appropriate action plan in order to attain predetermined goals. Another main variant which is to be assessed that all phases from the initial stage of research analysis to customer feedback should be considered while developing an action plan. An appropriate action plan for short-term product manufacturing organization has been specified below: Activity Description Activity to be conducted by Time Period Research and analysis of market For a new product having a life cycle, it is necessary that analysis of market should be done on the prior basis to ascertain the demand of the product and the choice of the customer to assess the qualities which customer is seeking in the product. CEO and Marketing Executive of organization Six to Eight Months Assessment of cost of product It is necessary to assess the cost of the product in an appropriate manner; because in case the new entrant provides the product at a higher price than it becomes difficult to attract the customers. Thus existing price at which product is being sold at the market and the quality provided at that price is required to be assessed in an appropriate manner. Accounts Department Every half year Analysis of competitors According to the opinion of Sonnemann (2015), to make own stable position it is necessary that existing competitors should be assessed in detail. This activity will enhance the chances of availing available opportunities which will ultimately increase the profit of the organization. Marketing Manager On continue basis Determination of selling price It is important to determine the selling price of the product by various pricing strategies available like cost-plus pricing or on the basis of market-based valuation in which past experience of the company may be used to price the products. Detailed statistics are required to base the pricing of the prices. However, the final price of the product depends on the customers who will buy the product. Due to large-scale competition, it is wise to keep the prices as per the customers. Manager It will be determined once and effort will be made to continue the same. Feedback from customer Customer feedback is an important part of the entire action plan as it reflects customers opinion and views regarding the product. As per the views of Rushton, Croucher and Baker (2014) these reviews can assist the company in improving performance based on customer expectation and is most important part of product development process. Sales Executives On continue basis after appropriate interval References Arnett, D.B., Sandvik, I.L. and Sandvik, K. 2018. Two paths to organizational effectivenessProduct advantage and life-cycle flexibility.Journal of Business Research. 84, Pp.285-292. Gmelin, H. and Seuring, S. 2014. Achieving sustainable new product development by integrating product life-cycle management capabilities.International Journal of Production Economics.154, Pp.166-177. Mancini, L., Sala, S., Recchioni, M., Benini, L., Goralczyk, M. and Pennington, D. 2015. Potential of life cycle assessment for supporting the management of critical raw materials.The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment,20(1), Pp.100-116. Rushton, A., Croucher, P. and Baker, P. 2014.The handbook of logistics and distribution management: Understanding the supply chain. Kogan Page Publishers. Slack, N. 2015.Operations strategy. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Sonnemann, G., Gemechu, E.D., Remmen, A., Frydendal, J. and Jensen, A.A. 2015. Life Cycle Management: Implementing Sustainability in Business Practice. InLife Cycle Management(Pp. 7-21). Springer Netherlands. Subrahmanian, E., Lee, C. and Granger, H. 2015. Managing and supporting product life cycle through engineering change management for a complex product.Research in Engineering Design. 26(3), Pp.189-217. Zhou, L., Gupta, S.M., Kinoshita, Y. and Yamada, T. 2017. Pricing Decision Models for Remanufactured Short-Life Cycle Technology Products with Generation Consideration.Procedia CIRP.61, Pp.195-200. Zurich, L.B. 2017. Service Operations and Management. James A, Paul C and Denis T. 2003. (Online) The impact of product life cycle on supply chain strategy. Production Economics. Available through https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925527303001051 [Accessed 26th January 2018].